Ubiquity Presstech@ubiquitypress.com20261013202750Generated by RUA metadata exporter

wr-11-m-15-97819124823200301Ubiquity Press1597819124823200610.22599/HiddenDepths01internal-reference11BCB20201Publisher’s corporate websitehttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk02Publisher’s website for a specified workhttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk/books/m/10.22599/HiddenDepths1A01Penny SpikinsPennySpikinsDepartment of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020. Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing. Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng47023User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedEvolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology12Prehistory12Adaptation12Human Origins12Evolution of Emotions12Social Connection12Compassion12Neanderthals12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Human self-domestication12Origins of healthcare12Palaeopathology12Early Prehistory12Trust12Autism12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Humans12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Palaeolithic art12Loneliness12Compensatory attachment12Cherished possessions12Wolf domestication12Social safeness12Origin of modern humans12Chimpanzee12Convergent evolution12Community resilience12Middle Palaeolithic12Social networks12Decolonisation12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Lower Palaeolithic12Upper Palaeolithic12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Illness12Injury12Skeletal abnormality12Cultural evolution12Acheulian12Genus Homo12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Cultural transmission12Material Culture12Ice age art12Rock art12Evolution of neurodiversity12Palaeolithic stone tools12Neurodiversity12Biface12Handaxe12Autism Spectrum Condition12Cognitive Archaeology12Physiological responses12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Attachment object12Dog domestication12Human-animal relationships12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Mobiliary art12Symbolism12Symbolic objects12Comfort12Dog burial12Bonobos12Raw material movements12Lithic transfers12Group size12Human demography10SOC00300010SCI02700010PSY05300093NK93PSAJ93JMA01010302Please note: you can download the full ebook using the above buttons, or download individual chapters using the dropdown menu below.Read online or download: free Purchase price for print volume (including shipping and handling fees): £29.15 Additional local taxes may be added to EU orders at point of delivery. In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry.  Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Prof Spikins also discussed her research at an event to mark the publication of Hidden Depths. Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today. This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today. Readers may prefer to download and cite from the PDF version of this book. This has a specific DOI and has a fixed structure with page numbers. Guidance on citing from other ebook versions without stable page numbers (Kindle, EPUB etc.) is now usually offered within style guidance (e.g. by the MLA style guide, The Chicago Manual of Style etc.) so please check the information offered on this by the referencing style you use. Further information on the order process0202In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. She explains how the emotional sensitivities of our earliest ancestors drove them to care for vulnerable members of their group, and how new connections based on generosity, trust and inclusion made early groups of humans resilient to ecological changes. These deep-seated emotional capacities then provided the basis to allow later human ancestors to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies. At each stage emotional capacities to collaborate in new ways also brought with them increasing sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today. Our close relationships to animals, and even to cherished possessions, as well as our need for a sense of belonging can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort. This new narrative moves away from one in which our evolutionary journey is a simple progress to some better form, and instead demonstrates different evolutionary pathways and key transitions which bring us nearer to, rather than away from, other animals. Our close cousins, the Neanderthals, are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, and who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today.04Introduction The Evolutionary Basis for Human Empathy, Compassion and Generosity Material Evidence: caring for adult vulnerabilities Trust, Emotional Commitments and Reputation The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance – Physiological Responses The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance: human ‘self-domestication’? Comforting Things: cherished possessions as sources of social comfort and security, from the Palaeolithic to the present In the Company of Wolves: compensatory attachments and the human-dog bond What If? The Evolutionary Basis for Different Pathways Reframing Neanderthals Conclusions46http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/47Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)040901https://storage.googleapis.com/rua-wr/files/media/cover_images/2b80041f-2cd1-4c81-96ea-6938059e9b55.pngWhite Rose University Press01White Rose University PressYork04202208232022The Author(s)131597819124823371315978191248234413159781912482351Unknown2004wr-11-m-15-97819124823370301Ubiquity Press1597819124823370610.22599/HiddenDepths01internal-reference11DGE20100201Publisher’s corporate websitehttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk02Publisher’s website for a specified workhttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk/books/m/10.22599/HiddenDepths1A01Penny SpikinsPennySpikinsDepartment of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020. Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing. Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng47023User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedEvolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology12Prehistory12Adaptation12Human Origins12Evolution of Emotions12Social Connection12Compassion12Neanderthals12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Human self-domestication12Origins of healthcare12Palaeopathology12Early Prehistory12Trust12Autism12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Humans12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Palaeolithic art12Loneliness12Compensatory attachment12Cherished possessions12Wolf domestication12Social safeness12Origin of modern humans12Chimpanzee12Convergent evolution12Community resilience12Middle Palaeolithic12Social networks12Decolonisation12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Lower Palaeolithic12Upper Palaeolithic12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Illness12Injury12Skeletal abnormality12Cultural evolution12Acheulian12Genus Homo12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Cultural transmission12Material Culture12Ice age art12Rock art12Evolution of neurodiversity12Palaeolithic stone tools12Neurodiversity12Biface12Handaxe12Autism Spectrum Condition12Cognitive Archaeology12Physiological responses12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Attachment object12Dog domestication12Human-animal relationships12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Mobiliary art12Symbolism12Symbolic objects12Comfort12Dog burial12Bonobos12Raw material movements12Lithic transfers12Group size12Human demography10SOC00300010SCI02700010PSY05300093NK93PSAJ93JMA01010302Please note: you can download the full ebook using the above buttons, or download individual chapters using the dropdown menu below.Read online or download: free Purchase price for print volume (including shipping and handling fees): £29.15 Additional local taxes may be added to EU orders at point of delivery. In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry.  Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Prof Spikins also discussed her research at an event to mark the publication of Hidden Depths. Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today. This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today. Readers may prefer to download and cite from the PDF version of this book. This has a specific DOI and has a fixed structure with page numbers. Guidance on citing from other ebook versions without stable page numbers (Kindle, EPUB etc.) is now usually offered within style guidance (e.g. by the MLA style guide, The Chicago Manual of Style etc.) so please check the information offered on this by the referencing style you use. Further information on the order process0202In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. She explains how the emotional sensitivities of our earliest ancestors drove them to care for vulnerable members of their group, and how new connections based on generosity, trust and inclusion made early groups of humans resilient to ecological changes. These deep-seated emotional capacities then provided the basis to allow later human ancestors to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies. At each stage emotional capacities to collaborate in new ways also brought with them increasing sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today. Our close relationships to animals, and even to cherished possessions, as well as our need for a sense of belonging can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort. This new narrative moves away from one in which our evolutionary journey is a simple progress to some better form, and instead demonstrates different evolutionary pathways and key transitions which bring us nearer to, rather than away from, other animals. Our close cousins, the Neanderthals, are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, and who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today.04Introduction The Evolutionary Basis for Human Empathy, Compassion and Generosity Material Evidence: caring for adult vulnerabilities Trust, Emotional Commitments and Reputation The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance – Physiological Responses The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance: human ‘self-domestication’? Comforting Things: cherished possessions as sources of social comfort and security, from the Palaeolithic to the present In the Company of Wolves: compensatory attachments and the human-dog bond What If? The Evolutionary Basis for Different Pathways Reframing Neanderthals Conclusions46http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/47Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)040901https://storage.googleapis.com/rua-wr/files/media/cover_images/2b80041f-2cd1-4c81-96ea-6938059e9b55.pngWhite Rose University Press01White Rose University PressYork04202208232022The Author(s)061597819124823201315978191248234413159781912482351Unknown2001wr-11-m-15-97819124823440301Ubiquity Press1597819124823440610.22599/HiddenDepths01internal-reference11DGE20102901Publisher’s corporate websitehttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk02Publisher’s website for a specified workhttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk/books/m/10.22599/HiddenDepths1A01Penny SpikinsPennySpikinsDepartment of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020. Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing. Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng47023User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedEvolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology12Prehistory12Adaptation12Human Origins12Evolution of Emotions12Social Connection12Compassion12Neanderthals12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Human self-domestication12Origins of healthcare12Palaeopathology12Early Prehistory12Trust12Autism12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Humans12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Palaeolithic art12Loneliness12Compensatory attachment12Cherished possessions12Wolf domestication12Social safeness12Origin of modern humans12Chimpanzee12Convergent evolution12Community resilience12Middle Palaeolithic12Social networks12Decolonisation12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Lower Palaeolithic12Upper Palaeolithic12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Illness12Injury12Skeletal abnormality12Cultural evolution12Acheulian12Genus Homo12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Cultural transmission12Material Culture12Ice age art12Rock art12Evolution of neurodiversity12Palaeolithic stone tools12Neurodiversity12Biface12Handaxe12Autism Spectrum Condition12Cognitive Archaeology12Physiological responses12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Attachment object12Dog domestication12Human-animal relationships12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Mobiliary art12Symbolism12Symbolic objects12Comfort12Dog burial12Bonobos12Raw material movements12Lithic transfers12Group size12Human demography10SOC00300010SCI02700010PSY05300093NK93PSAJ93JMA01010302Please note: you can download the full ebook using the above buttons, or download individual chapters using the dropdown menu below.Read online or download: free Purchase price for print volume (including shipping and handling fees): £29.15 Additional local taxes may be added to EU orders at point of delivery. In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry.  Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Prof Spikins also discussed her research at an event to mark the publication of Hidden Depths. Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today. This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today. Readers may prefer to download and cite from the PDF version of this book. This has a specific DOI and has a fixed structure with page numbers. Guidance on citing from other ebook versions without stable page numbers (Kindle, EPUB etc.) is now usually offered within style guidance (e.g. by the MLA style guide, The Chicago Manual of Style etc.) so please check the information offered on this by the referencing style you use. Further information on the order process0202In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. She explains how the emotional sensitivities of our earliest ancestors drove them to care for vulnerable members of their group, and how new connections based on generosity, trust and inclusion made early groups of humans resilient to ecological changes. These deep-seated emotional capacities then provided the basis to allow later human ancestors to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies. At each stage emotional capacities to collaborate in new ways also brought with them increasing sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today. Our close relationships to animals, and even to cherished possessions, as well as our need for a sense of belonging can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort. This new narrative moves away from one in which our evolutionary journey is a simple progress to some better form, and instead demonstrates different evolutionary pathways and key transitions which bring us nearer to, rather than away from, other animals. Our close cousins, the Neanderthals, are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, and who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today.04Introduction The Evolutionary Basis for Human Empathy, Compassion and Generosity Material Evidence: caring for adult vulnerabilities Trust, Emotional Commitments and Reputation The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance – Physiological Responses The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance: human ‘self-domestication’? Comforting Things: cherished possessions as sources of social comfort and security, from the Palaeolithic to the present In the Company of Wolves: compensatory attachments and the human-dog bond What If? The Evolutionary Basis for Different Pathways Reframing Neanderthals Conclusions46http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/47Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)040901https://storage.googleapis.com/rua-wr/files/media/cover_images/2b80041f-2cd1-4c81-96ea-6938059e9b55.pngWhite Rose University Press01White Rose University PressYork04202208232022The Author(s)061597819124823201315978191248233713159781912482351Unknown2001wr-11-m-15-97819124823510301Ubiquity Press1597819124823510610.22599/HiddenDepths01internal-reference11DGE20102201Publisher’s corporate websitehttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk02Publisher’s website for a specified workhttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk/books/m/10.22599/HiddenDepths1A01Penny SpikinsPennySpikinsDepartment of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020. Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing. Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng47023User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedEvolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology12Prehistory12Adaptation12Human Origins12Evolution of Emotions12Social Connection12Compassion12Neanderthals12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Human self-domestication12Origins of healthcare12Palaeopathology12Early Prehistory12Trust12Autism12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Humans12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Palaeolithic art12Loneliness12Compensatory attachment12Cherished possessions12Wolf domestication12Social safeness12Origin of modern humans12Chimpanzee12Convergent evolution12Community resilience12Middle Palaeolithic12Social networks12Decolonisation12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Lower Palaeolithic12Upper Palaeolithic12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Illness12Injury12Skeletal abnormality12Cultural evolution12Acheulian12Genus Homo12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Cultural transmission12Material Culture12Ice age art12Rock art12Evolution of neurodiversity12Palaeolithic stone tools12Neurodiversity12Biface12Handaxe12Autism Spectrum Condition12Cognitive Archaeology12Physiological responses12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Attachment object12Dog domestication12Human-animal relationships12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Mobiliary art12Symbolism12Symbolic objects12Comfort12Dog burial12Bonobos12Raw material movements12Lithic transfers12Group size12Human demography10SOC00300010SCI02700010PSY05300093NK93PSAJ93JMA01010302Please note: you can download the full ebook using the above buttons, or download individual chapters using the dropdown menu below.Read online or download: free Purchase price for print volume (including shipping and handling fees): £29.15 Additional local taxes may be added to EU orders at point of delivery. In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry.  Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Prof Spikins also discussed her research at an event to mark the publication of Hidden Depths. Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today. This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today. Readers may prefer to download and cite from the PDF version of this book. This has a specific DOI and has a fixed structure with page numbers. Guidance on citing from other ebook versions without stable page numbers (Kindle, EPUB etc.) is now usually offered within style guidance (e.g. by the MLA style guide, The Chicago Manual of Style etc.) so please check the information offered on this by the referencing style you use. Further information on the order process0202In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. She explains how the emotional sensitivities of our earliest ancestors drove them to care for vulnerable members of their group, and how new connections based on generosity, trust and inclusion made early groups of humans resilient to ecological changes. These deep-seated emotional capacities then provided the basis to allow later human ancestors to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies. At each stage emotional capacities to collaborate in new ways also brought with them increasing sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today. Our close relationships to animals, and even to cherished possessions, as well as our need for a sense of belonging can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort. This new narrative moves away from one in which our evolutionary journey is a simple progress to some better form, and instead demonstrates different evolutionary pathways and key transitions which bring us nearer to, rather than away from, other animals. Our close cousins, the Neanderthals, are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, and who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today.04Introduction The Evolutionary Basis for Human Empathy, Compassion and Generosity Material Evidence: caring for adult vulnerabilities Trust, Emotional Commitments and Reputation The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance – Physiological Responses The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance: human ‘self-domestication’? Comforting Things: cherished possessions as sources of social comfort and security, from the Palaeolithic to the present In the Company of Wolves: compensatory attachments and the human-dog bond What If? The Evolutionary Basis for Different Pathways Reframing Neanderthals Conclusions46http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/47Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)040901https://storage.googleapis.com/rua-wr/files/media/cover_images/2b80041f-2cd1-4c81-96ea-6938059e9b55.pngWhite Rose University Press01White Rose University PressYork04202208232022The Author(s)061597819124823201315978191248233713159781912482344Unknown2001