Ubiquity Presstech@ubiquitypress.com20261013T202745Generated by RUA metadata exporterwr-11-m-15-978191248232003011597819124823200610.22599/HiddenDepths01internal-reference1100BCB20210Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/0101Hidden DepthsThe Origins of Human Connection1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng004700323User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedEvolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology12Prehistory12Adaptation12Human Origins12Evolution of Emotions12Social Connection12Compassion12Neanderthals12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Human self-domestication12Origins of healthcare12Palaeopathology12Early Prehistory12Trust12Autism12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Humans12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Palaeolithic art12Loneliness12Compensatory attachment12Cherished possessions12Wolf domestication12Social safeness12Origin of modern humans12Chimpanzee12Convergent evolution12Community resilience12Middle Palaeolithic12Social networks12Decolonisation12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Lower Palaeolithic12Upper Palaeolithic12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Illness12Injury12Skeletal abnormality12Cultural evolution12Acheulian12Genus Homo12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Cultural transmission12Material Culture12Ice age art12Rock art12Evolution of neurodiversity12Palaeolithic stone tools12Neurodiversity12Biface12Handaxe12Autism Spectrum Condition12Cognitive Archaeology12Physiological responses12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Attachment object12Dog domestication12Human-animal relationships12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Mobiliary art12Symbolism12Symbolic objects12Comfort12Dog burial12Bonobos12Raw material movements12Lithic transfers12Group size12Human demography10SOC00300010SCI02700010PSY05300093NK93PSAJ93JMA010110300Please note: you can download the full ebook using the above buttons, or download individual chapters using the dropdown menu below.Read online or download: free Purchase price for print volume (including shipping and handling fees): £29.15
Additional local taxes may be added to EU orders at point of delivery.
In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry.
Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Prof Spikins also discussed her research at an event to mark the publication of Hidden Depths.
Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today.
This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.
Readers may prefer to download and cite from the PDF version of this book. This has a specific DOI and has a fixed structure with page numbers. Guidance on citing from other ebook versions without stable page numbers (Kindle, EPUB etc.) is now usually offered within style guidance (e.g. by the MLA style guide, The Chicago Manual of Style etc.) so please check the information offered on this by the referencing style you use.
Further information on the order process20200In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. She explains how the emotional sensitivities of our earliest ancestors drove them to care for vulnerable members of their group, and how new connections based on generosity, trust and inclusion made early groups of humans resilient to ecological changes. These deep-seated emotional capacities then provided the basis to allow later human ancestors to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies. At each stage emotional capacities to collaborate in new ways also brought with them increasing sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today. Our close relationships to animals, and even to cherished possessions, as well as our need for a sense of belonging can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort.
This new narrative moves away from one in which our evolutionary journey is a simple progress to some better form, and instead demonstrates different evolutionary pathways and key transitions which bring us nearer to, rather than away from, other animals. Our close cousins, the Neanderthals, are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, and who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today.30400Introduction
The Evolutionary Basis for Human Empathy, Compassion and Generosity
Material Evidence: caring for adult vulnerabilities
Trust, Emotional Commitments and Reputation
The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance – Physiological Responses
The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance: human ‘self-domestication’?
Comforting Things: cherished possessions as sources of social comfort and security, from the Palaeolithic to the present
In the Company of Wolves: compensatory attachments and the human-dog bond
What If? The Evolutionary Basis for Different Pathways
Reframing Neanderthals
Conclusions43000Please note: you can download the full ebook using the above buttons, or download individual chapters using the dropdown menu below.Read online or download: free Purchase price for print volume (including shipping and handling fees): £29.15
Additional local taxes may be added to EU orders at point of delivery.
In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry.
Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Prof Spikins also discussed her research at an event to mark the publication of Hidden Depths.
Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today.
This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.
Readers may prefer to download and cite from the PDF version of this book. This has a specific DOI and has a fixed structure with page numbers. Guidance on citing from other ebook versions without stable page numbers (Kindle, EPUB etc.) is now usually offered within style guidance (e.g. by the MLA style guide, The Chicago Manual of Style etc.) so please check the information offered on this by the referencing style you use.
Further information on the order process52000Open Access01000302https://storage.googleapis.com/rua-wr/files/media/cover_images/2b80041f-2cd1-4c81-96ea-6938059e9b55.png1030610.22599/HiddenDepths.aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Introduction1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedEvolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology12Compassion12Human origins12Decolonisation12Palaeolithic archaeology12Prehistory12Evolution of the mind12000Open Access2030610.22599/HiddenDepths.bCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101The Evolutionary Basis for Human Empathy, Compassion and Generosity1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition12Adaptation12Compassion12Human Origins12Compassion12Evolution of altruism12Social brain12Evolution of emotions12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Tolerance12Convergent evolution12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Ape social systems12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12000Open Access3030610.22599/HiddenDepths.cCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Material Evidence: caring for adult vulnerabilities1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedPalaeopathology23User DefinedMedicine12Prehistory12Adaptation12Compassion12Neanderthals12Human Origins12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Emotional connection12Middle Palaeolithic12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Origins of healthcare12Palaeopathology12Origins of Medicine12Early Prehistory12Lower Palaeolithic12Upper Palaeolithic12Humans12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Illness12Injury12Skeletal abnormality12Cultural evolution12000Open Access4030610.22599/HiddenDepths.dCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Trust, Emotional Commitments and Reputation1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedMaterial culture12Adaptation12Human Origins12Compassion12Neanderthals12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Palaeolithic art12Wolf domestication12Middle Palaeolithic12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Evolution12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Early Prehistory12Lower Palaeolithic12Humans12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Cultural evolution12Trust12Cognitive Evolution12Autism12Emotional connection12Acheulian12Genus Homo12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Cultural transmission12Material Culture12Ice age art12Rock art12Evolution of neurodiversity12Palaeolithic stone tools12Neurodiversity12Biface12Handaxe12Autism Spectrum Condition12Cognitive Archaeology12000Open Access5030610.22599/HiddenDepths.eCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance – Physiological Responses1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedPrimatology12Adaptation12Human Origins12Empathy12Social brain12Emotional connection12Human self-domestication12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Origin of modern humans12Convergent evolution12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Tolerance12Human Communities12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Social sustainability12Humans12Physiological responses12Compensatory attachment12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12000Open Access6030610.22599/HiddenDepths.fCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance: human ‘self-domestication’?1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedHealth Sciences12Adaptation12Human Origins12Decolonisation12Empathy12Social brain12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Evolutionary Anthropology12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Wolf domestication12Human self-domestication12Origin of modern humans12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Humans12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Material Culture12Physiological responses12Compensatory attachment12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Evolved emotional responses12Emotional wellbeing12Attachment object12Dog domestication12Human-animal relationships12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12000Open Access7030610.22599/HiddenDepths.gCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Comforting Things: cherished possessions as sources of social comfort and security, from the Palaeolithic to the present1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedMaterial culture23User DefinedHealth Sciences12Prehistory12Adaptation12Human Origins12Compassion12Decolonisation12Evolution of the mind12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Trust12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Human self-domestication12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Palaeolithic art12Loneliness12Cherished possessions12Social safeness12Origin of modern humans12Community resilience12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social cognition12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Early Prehistory12Upper Palaeolithic12Humans12Moral emotions12Interdependence12Cultural evolution12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Material Culture12Ice age art12Rock art12Cognitive Archaeology12Physiological responses12Approachability12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Palaeolithic art12Attachment theory12Loneliness12Compensatory attachment12Cherished possessions12Mobiliary art12Avoidance behaviour Approach behaviour12Symbolism12Symbolic objects12Comfort12000Open Access8030610.22599/HiddenDepths.hCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101In the Company of Wolves: compensatory attachments and the human-dog bond1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedHealth Sciences23User DefinedAnimal behaviour23User DefinedVeterinary Sciences12Adaptation12Archaeology12Compassion12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Trust12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Hunter-gatherers12Human self-domestication12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Palaeolithic art12Loneliness12Origin of modern humans12Convergent evolution12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Early Prehistory12Upper Palaeolithic12Humans12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Cultural evolution12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Material Culture12Physiological responses12Compensatory attachment12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Attachment object12Dog domestication12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Comfort12Wolf domestication12Dogs12Social safeness12Human-animal bonds12Pet keeping12Dog burial12000Open Access9030610.22599/HiddenDepths.iCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101What If? The Evolutionary Basis for Different Pathways1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedEvolutionary Biology23User DefinedSociology12Adaptation12Human Origins12Empathy12Social brain12Trust12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Loneliness12Cherished possessions12Human self-domestication12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Emotional brain12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Humans12Evolution of Altruism12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Physiological responses12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Evolutionary pathways12Origin of modern humans12Chimpanzee12Convergent evolution12Community resilience12Bonobos12000Open Access10030610.22599/HiddenDepths.jCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Reframing Neanderthals1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedMaterial culture12Adaptation12Human Origins12Neanderthals12Decolonisation12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Human self-domestication12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Loneliness12Social safeness12Origin of modern humans12Convergent evolution12Community resilience12Neanderthal12Neanderthal art12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human Evolution12Evolution12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Social tolerance12Physiological responses12Compensatory attachment12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Hypersociability12Symbolism12Comfort12Middle Palaeolithic12Neanderthal art12Social networks12Mobility12Neanderthal portrayal12Raw material movements12Lithic transfers12Group size12Human demography12000Open Access11030610.22599/HiddenDepths.kCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Conclusions1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedAnthropology12Compassion12Human Origins12Evolution of the mind12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary narrative12000Open Access01URLhttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.ukWhite Rose University Press01White Rose University Press01Publisher’s corporate websitehttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk02Publisher’s website for a specified workhttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk/books/m/10.22599/HiddenDepthsYork040120220823The Author(s)02WORLD061597819124823370615978191248234406159781912482351WORLD11Unknown20082022082308wr-11-m-15-978191248233703011597819124823370610.22599/HiddenDepths01internal-reference1100EBE10710Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/0101Hidden DepthsThe Origins of Human Connection1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng004700323User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedEvolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology12Prehistory12Adaptation12Human Origins12Evolution of Emotions12Social Connection12Compassion12Neanderthals12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Human self-domestication12Origins of healthcare12Palaeopathology12Early Prehistory12Trust12Autism12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Humans12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Palaeolithic art12Loneliness12Compensatory attachment12Cherished possessions12Wolf domestication12Social safeness12Origin of modern humans12Chimpanzee12Convergent evolution12Community resilience12Middle Palaeolithic12Social networks12Decolonisation12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Lower Palaeolithic12Upper Palaeolithic12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Illness12Injury12Skeletal abnormality12Cultural evolution12Acheulian12Genus Homo12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Cultural transmission12Material Culture12Ice age art12Rock art12Evolution of neurodiversity12Palaeolithic stone tools12Neurodiversity12Biface12Handaxe12Autism Spectrum Condition12Cognitive Archaeology12Physiological responses12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Attachment object12Dog domestication12Human-animal relationships12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Mobiliary art12Symbolism12Symbolic objects12Comfort12Dog burial12Bonobos12Raw material movements12Lithic transfers12Group size12Human demography10SOC00300010SCI02700010PSY05300093NK93PSAJ93JMA010110300Please note: you can download the full ebook using the above buttons, or download individual chapters using the dropdown menu below.Read online or download: free Purchase price for print volume (including shipping and handling fees): £29.15
Additional local taxes may be added to EU orders at point of delivery.
In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry.
Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Prof Spikins also discussed her research at an event to mark the publication of Hidden Depths.
Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today.
This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.
Readers may prefer to download and cite from the PDF version of this book. This has a specific DOI and has a fixed structure with page numbers. Guidance on citing from other ebook versions without stable page numbers (Kindle, EPUB etc.) is now usually offered within style guidance (e.g. by the MLA style guide, The Chicago Manual of Style etc.) so please check the information offered on this by the referencing style you use.
Further information on the order process20200In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. She explains how the emotional sensitivities of our earliest ancestors drove them to care for vulnerable members of their group, and how new connections based on generosity, trust and inclusion made early groups of humans resilient to ecological changes. These deep-seated emotional capacities then provided the basis to allow later human ancestors to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies. At each stage emotional capacities to collaborate in new ways also brought with them increasing sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today. Our close relationships to animals, and even to cherished possessions, as well as our need for a sense of belonging can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort.
This new narrative moves away from one in which our evolutionary journey is a simple progress to some better form, and instead demonstrates different evolutionary pathways and key transitions which bring us nearer to, rather than away from, other animals. Our close cousins, the Neanderthals, are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, and who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today.30400Introduction
The Evolutionary Basis for Human Empathy, Compassion and Generosity
Material Evidence: caring for adult vulnerabilities
Trust, Emotional Commitments and Reputation
The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance – Physiological Responses
The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance: human ‘self-domestication’?
Comforting Things: cherished possessions as sources of social comfort and security, from the Palaeolithic to the present
In the Company of Wolves: compensatory attachments and the human-dog bond
What If? The Evolutionary Basis for Different Pathways
Reframing Neanderthals
Conclusions43000Please note: you can download the full ebook using the above buttons, or download individual chapters using the dropdown menu below.Read online or download: free Purchase price for print volume (including shipping and handling fees): £29.15
Additional local taxes may be added to EU orders at point of delivery.
In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry.
Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Prof Spikins also discussed her research at an event to mark the publication of Hidden Depths.
Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today.
This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.
Readers may prefer to download and cite from the PDF version of this book. This has a specific DOI and has a fixed structure with page numbers. Guidance on citing from other ebook versions without stable page numbers (Kindle, EPUB etc.) is now usually offered within style guidance (e.g. by the MLA style guide, The Chicago Manual of Style etc.) so please check the information offered on this by the referencing style you use.
Further information on the order process52000Open Access01000302https://storage.googleapis.com/rua-wr/files/media/cover_images/2b80041f-2cd1-4c81-96ea-6938059e9b55.png1030610.22599/HiddenDepths.aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Introduction1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedEvolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology12Compassion12Human origins12Decolonisation12Palaeolithic archaeology12Prehistory12Evolution of the mind12000Open Access2030610.22599/HiddenDepths.bCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101The Evolutionary Basis for Human Empathy, Compassion and Generosity1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition12Adaptation12Compassion12Human Origins12Compassion12Evolution of altruism12Social brain12Evolution of emotions12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Tolerance12Convergent evolution12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Ape social systems12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12000Open Access3030610.22599/HiddenDepths.cCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Material Evidence: caring for adult vulnerabilities1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedPalaeopathology23User DefinedMedicine12Prehistory12Adaptation12Compassion12Neanderthals12Human Origins12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Emotional connection12Middle Palaeolithic12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Origins of healthcare12Palaeopathology12Origins of Medicine12Early Prehistory12Lower Palaeolithic12Upper Palaeolithic12Humans12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Illness12Injury12Skeletal abnormality12Cultural evolution12000Open Access4030610.22599/HiddenDepths.dCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Trust, Emotional Commitments and Reputation1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedMaterial culture12Adaptation12Human Origins12Compassion12Neanderthals12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Palaeolithic art12Wolf domestication12Middle Palaeolithic12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Evolution12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Early Prehistory12Lower Palaeolithic12Humans12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Cultural evolution12Trust12Cognitive Evolution12Autism12Emotional connection12Acheulian12Genus Homo12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Cultural transmission12Material Culture12Ice age art12Rock art12Evolution of neurodiversity12Palaeolithic stone tools12Neurodiversity12Biface12Handaxe12Autism Spectrum Condition12Cognitive Archaeology12000Open Access5030610.22599/HiddenDepths.eCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance – Physiological Responses1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedPrimatology12Adaptation12Human Origins12Empathy12Social brain12Emotional connection12Human self-domestication12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Origin of modern humans12Convergent evolution12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Tolerance12Human Communities12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Social sustainability12Humans12Physiological responses12Compensatory attachment12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12000Open Access6030610.22599/HiddenDepths.fCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance: human ‘self-domestication’?1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedHealth Sciences12Adaptation12Human Origins12Decolonisation12Empathy12Social brain12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Evolutionary Anthropology12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Wolf domestication12Human self-domestication12Origin of modern humans12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Humans12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Material Culture12Physiological responses12Compensatory attachment12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Evolved emotional responses12Emotional wellbeing12Attachment object12Dog domestication12Human-animal relationships12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12000Open Access7030610.22599/HiddenDepths.gCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Comforting Things: cherished possessions as sources of social comfort and security, from the Palaeolithic to the present1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedMaterial culture23User DefinedHealth Sciences12Prehistory12Adaptation12Human Origins12Compassion12Decolonisation12Evolution of the mind12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Trust12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Human self-domestication12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Palaeolithic art12Loneliness12Cherished possessions12Social safeness12Origin of modern humans12Community resilience12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social cognition12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Early Prehistory12Upper Palaeolithic12Humans12Moral emotions12Interdependence12Cultural evolution12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Material Culture12Ice age art12Rock art12Cognitive Archaeology12Physiological responses12Approachability12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Palaeolithic art12Attachment theory12Loneliness12Compensatory attachment12Cherished possessions12Mobiliary art12Avoidance behaviour Approach behaviour12Symbolism12Symbolic objects12Comfort12000Open Access8030610.22599/HiddenDepths.hCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101In the Company of Wolves: compensatory attachments and the human-dog bond1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedHealth Sciences23User DefinedAnimal behaviour23User DefinedVeterinary Sciences12Adaptation12Archaeology12Compassion12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Trust12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Hunter-gatherers12Human self-domestication12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Palaeolithic art12Loneliness12Origin of modern humans12Convergent evolution12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Early Prehistory12Upper Palaeolithic12Humans12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Cultural evolution12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Material Culture12Physiological responses12Compensatory attachment12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Attachment object12Dog domestication12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Comfort12Wolf domestication12Dogs12Social safeness12Human-animal bonds12Pet keeping12Dog burial12000Open Access9030610.22599/HiddenDepths.iCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101What If? The Evolutionary Basis for Different Pathways1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedEvolutionary Biology23User DefinedSociology12Adaptation12Human Origins12Empathy12Social brain12Trust12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Loneliness12Cherished possessions12Human self-domestication12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Emotional brain12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Humans12Evolution of Altruism12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Physiological responses12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Evolutionary pathways12Origin of modern humans12Chimpanzee12Convergent evolution12Community resilience12Bonobos12000Open Access10030610.22599/HiddenDepths.jCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Reframing Neanderthals1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedMaterial culture12Adaptation12Human Origins12Neanderthals12Decolonisation12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Human self-domestication12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Loneliness12Social safeness12Origin of modern humans12Convergent evolution12Community resilience12Neanderthal12Neanderthal art12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human Evolution12Evolution12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Social tolerance12Physiological responses12Compensatory attachment12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Hypersociability12Symbolism12Comfort12Middle Palaeolithic12Neanderthal art12Social networks12Mobility12Neanderthal portrayal12Raw material movements12Lithic transfers12Group size12Human demography12000Open Access11030610.22599/HiddenDepths.kCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Conclusions1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedAnthropology12Compassion12Human Origins12Evolution of the mind12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary narrative12000Open Access01URLhttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.ukWhite Rose University Press01White Rose University Press01Publisher’s corporate websitehttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk02Publisher’s website for a specified workhttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk/books/m/10.22599/HiddenDepthsYork040120220823The Author(s)02WORLD061597819124823200615978191248234406159781912482351WORLD11Unknown36Supplier’s website for a specified workhttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk29Supplier’s website: download the titlehttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk/books/11/files/86056df8-7c6c-4c1d-bf12-3b257c7a28dd.pdf20082022082301wr-11-m-15-978191248234403011597819124823440610.22599/HiddenDepths01internal-reference1100EBE101E20010Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/0101Hidden DepthsThe Origins of Human Connection1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng004700323User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedEvolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology12Prehistory12Adaptation12Human Origins12Evolution of Emotions12Social Connection12Compassion12Neanderthals12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Human self-domestication12Origins of healthcare12Palaeopathology12Early Prehistory12Trust12Autism12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Humans12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Palaeolithic art12Loneliness12Compensatory attachment12Cherished possessions12Wolf domestication12Social safeness12Origin of modern humans12Chimpanzee12Convergent evolution12Community resilience12Middle Palaeolithic12Social networks12Decolonisation12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Lower Palaeolithic12Upper Palaeolithic12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Illness12Injury12Skeletal abnormality12Cultural evolution12Acheulian12Genus Homo12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Cultural transmission12Material Culture12Ice age art12Rock art12Evolution of neurodiversity12Palaeolithic stone tools12Neurodiversity12Biface12Handaxe12Autism Spectrum Condition12Cognitive Archaeology12Physiological responses12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Attachment object12Dog domestication12Human-animal relationships12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Mobiliary art12Symbolism12Symbolic objects12Comfort12Dog burial12Bonobos12Raw material movements12Lithic transfers12Group size12Human demography10SOC00300010SCI02700010PSY05300093NK93PSAJ93JMA010110300Please note: you can download the full ebook using the above buttons, or download individual chapters using the dropdown menu below.Read online or download: free Purchase price for print volume (including shipping and handling fees): £29.15
Additional local taxes may be added to EU orders at point of delivery.
In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry.
Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Prof Spikins also discussed her research at an event to mark the publication of Hidden Depths.
Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today.
This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.
Readers may prefer to download and cite from the PDF version of this book. This has a specific DOI and has a fixed structure with page numbers. Guidance on citing from other ebook versions without stable page numbers (Kindle, EPUB etc.) is now usually offered within style guidance (e.g. by the MLA style guide, The Chicago Manual of Style etc.) so please check the information offered on this by the referencing style you use.
Further information on the order process20200In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. She explains how the emotional sensitivities of our earliest ancestors drove them to care for vulnerable members of their group, and how new connections based on generosity, trust and inclusion made early groups of humans resilient to ecological changes. These deep-seated emotional capacities then provided the basis to allow later human ancestors to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies. At each stage emotional capacities to collaborate in new ways also brought with them increasing sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today. Our close relationships to animals, and even to cherished possessions, as well as our need for a sense of belonging can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort.
This new narrative moves away from one in which our evolutionary journey is a simple progress to some better form, and instead demonstrates different evolutionary pathways and key transitions which bring us nearer to, rather than away from, other animals. Our close cousins, the Neanderthals, are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, and who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today.30400Introduction
The Evolutionary Basis for Human Empathy, Compassion and Generosity
Material Evidence: caring for adult vulnerabilities
Trust, Emotional Commitments and Reputation
The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance – Physiological Responses
The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance: human ‘self-domestication’?
Comforting Things: cherished possessions as sources of social comfort and security, from the Palaeolithic to the present
In the Company of Wolves: compensatory attachments and the human-dog bond
What If? The Evolutionary Basis for Different Pathways
Reframing Neanderthals
Conclusions43000Please note: you can download the full ebook using the above buttons, or download individual chapters using the dropdown menu below.Read online or download: free Purchase price for print volume (including shipping and handling fees): £29.15
Additional local taxes may be added to EU orders at point of delivery.
In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry.
Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Prof Spikins also discussed her research at an event to mark the publication of Hidden Depths.
Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today.
This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.
Readers may prefer to download and cite from the PDF version of this book. This has a specific DOI and has a fixed structure with page numbers. Guidance on citing from other ebook versions without stable page numbers (Kindle, EPUB etc.) is now usually offered within style guidance (e.g. by the MLA style guide, The Chicago Manual of Style etc.) so please check the information offered on this by the referencing style you use.
Further information on the order process52000Open Access01000302https://storage.googleapis.com/rua-wr/files/media/cover_images/2b80041f-2cd1-4c81-96ea-6938059e9b55.png1030610.22599/HiddenDepths.aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Introduction1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedEvolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology12Compassion12Human origins12Decolonisation12Palaeolithic archaeology12Prehistory12Evolution of the mind12000Open Access2030610.22599/HiddenDepths.bCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101The Evolutionary Basis for Human Empathy, Compassion and Generosity1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition12Adaptation12Compassion12Human Origins12Compassion12Evolution of altruism12Social brain12Evolution of emotions12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Tolerance12Convergent evolution12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Ape social systems12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12000Open Access3030610.22599/HiddenDepths.cCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Material Evidence: caring for adult vulnerabilities1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedPalaeopathology23User DefinedMedicine12Prehistory12Adaptation12Compassion12Neanderthals12Human Origins12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Emotional connection12Middle Palaeolithic12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Origins of healthcare12Palaeopathology12Origins of Medicine12Early Prehistory12Lower Palaeolithic12Upper Palaeolithic12Humans12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Illness12Injury12Skeletal abnormality12Cultural evolution12000Open Access4030610.22599/HiddenDepths.dCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Trust, Emotional Commitments and Reputation1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedMaterial culture12Adaptation12Human Origins12Compassion12Neanderthals12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Palaeolithic art12Wolf domestication12Middle Palaeolithic12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Evolution12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Early Prehistory12Lower Palaeolithic12Humans12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Cultural evolution12Trust12Cognitive Evolution12Autism12Emotional connection12Acheulian12Genus Homo12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Cultural transmission12Material Culture12Ice age art12Rock art12Evolution of neurodiversity12Palaeolithic stone tools12Neurodiversity12Biface12Handaxe12Autism Spectrum Condition12Cognitive Archaeology12000Open Access5030610.22599/HiddenDepths.eCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance – Physiological Responses1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedPrimatology12Adaptation12Human Origins12Empathy12Social brain12Emotional connection12Human self-domestication12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Origin of modern humans12Convergent evolution12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Tolerance12Human Communities12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Social sustainability12Humans12Physiological responses12Compensatory attachment12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12000Open Access6030610.22599/HiddenDepths.fCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance: human ‘self-domestication’?1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedHealth Sciences12Adaptation12Human Origins12Decolonisation12Empathy12Social brain12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Evolutionary Anthropology12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Wolf domestication12Human self-domestication12Origin of modern humans12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Humans12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Material Culture12Physiological responses12Compensatory attachment12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Evolved emotional responses12Emotional wellbeing12Attachment object12Dog domestication12Human-animal relationships12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12000Open Access7030610.22599/HiddenDepths.gCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Comforting Things: cherished possessions as sources of social comfort and security, from the Palaeolithic to the present1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedMaterial culture23User DefinedHealth Sciences12Prehistory12Adaptation12Human Origins12Compassion12Decolonisation12Evolution of the mind12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Trust12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Human self-domestication12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Palaeolithic art12Loneliness12Cherished possessions12Social safeness12Origin of modern humans12Community resilience12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social cognition12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Early Prehistory12Upper Palaeolithic12Humans12Moral emotions12Interdependence12Cultural evolution12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Material Culture12Ice age art12Rock art12Cognitive Archaeology12Physiological responses12Approachability12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Palaeolithic art12Attachment theory12Loneliness12Compensatory attachment12Cherished possessions12Mobiliary art12Avoidance behaviour Approach behaviour12Symbolism12Symbolic objects12Comfort12000Open Access8030610.22599/HiddenDepths.hCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101In the Company of Wolves: compensatory attachments and the human-dog bond1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedHealth Sciences23User DefinedAnimal behaviour23User DefinedVeterinary Sciences12Adaptation12Archaeology12Compassion12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Trust12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Hunter-gatherers12Human self-domestication12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Palaeolithic art12Loneliness12Origin of modern humans12Convergent evolution12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Early Prehistory12Upper Palaeolithic12Humans12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Cultural evolution12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Material Culture12Physiological responses12Compensatory attachment12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Attachment object12Dog domestication12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Comfort12Wolf domestication12Dogs12Social safeness12Human-animal bonds12Pet keeping12Dog burial12000Open Access9030610.22599/HiddenDepths.iCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101What If? The Evolutionary Basis for Different Pathways1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedEvolutionary Biology23User DefinedSociology12Adaptation12Human Origins12Empathy12Social brain12Trust12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Loneliness12Cherished possessions12Human self-domestication12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Emotional brain12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Humans12Evolution of Altruism12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Physiological responses12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Evolutionary pathways12Origin of modern humans12Chimpanzee12Convergent evolution12Community resilience12Bonobos12000Open Access10030610.22599/HiddenDepths.jCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Reframing Neanderthals1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedMaterial culture12Adaptation12Human Origins12Neanderthals12Decolonisation12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Human self-domestication12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Loneliness12Social safeness12Origin of modern humans12Convergent evolution12Community resilience12Neanderthal12Neanderthal art12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human Evolution12Evolution12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Social tolerance12Physiological responses12Compensatory attachment12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Hypersociability12Symbolism12Comfort12Middle Palaeolithic12Neanderthal art12Social networks12Mobility12Neanderthal portrayal12Raw material movements12Lithic transfers12Group size12Human demography12000Open Access11030610.22599/HiddenDepths.kCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Conclusions1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedAnthropology12Compassion12Human Origins12Evolution of the mind12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary narrative12000Open Access01URLhttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.ukWhite Rose University Press01White Rose University Press01Publisher’s corporate websitehttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk02Publisher’s website for a specified workhttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk/books/m/10.22599/HiddenDepthsYork040120220823The Author(s)02WORLD061597819124823200615978191248233706159781912482351WORLD11Unknown36Supplier’s website for a specified workhttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk29Supplier’s website: download the titlehttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk/books/11/files/778c3572-2686-461c-a91c-97c0d8040e12.epub20082022082301wr-11-m-15-978191248235103011597819124823510610.22599/HiddenDepths01internal-reference1100EDE12710Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/0101Hidden DepthsThe Origins of Human Connection1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng004700323User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedEvolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology12Prehistory12Adaptation12Human Origins12Evolution of Emotions12Social Connection12Compassion12Neanderthals12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Human self-domestication12Origins of healthcare12Palaeopathology12Early Prehistory12Trust12Autism12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Humans12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Palaeolithic art12Loneliness12Compensatory attachment12Cherished possessions12Wolf domestication12Social safeness12Origin of modern humans12Chimpanzee12Convergent evolution12Community resilience12Middle Palaeolithic12Social networks12Decolonisation12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Lower Palaeolithic12Upper Palaeolithic12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Illness12Injury12Skeletal abnormality12Cultural evolution12Acheulian12Genus Homo12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Cultural transmission12Material Culture12Ice age art12Rock art12Evolution of neurodiversity12Palaeolithic stone tools12Neurodiversity12Biface12Handaxe12Autism Spectrum Condition12Cognitive Archaeology12Physiological responses12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Attachment object12Dog domestication12Human-animal relationships12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Mobiliary art12Symbolism12Symbolic objects12Comfort12Dog burial12Bonobos12Raw material movements12Lithic transfers12Group size12Human demography10SOC00300010SCI02700010PSY05300093NK93PSAJ93JMA010110300Please note: you can download the full ebook using the above buttons, or download individual chapters using the dropdown menu below.Read online or download: free Purchase price for print volume (including shipping and handling fees): £29.15
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In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry.
Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Prof Spikins also discussed her research at an event to mark the publication of Hidden Depths.
Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today.
This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.
Readers may prefer to download and cite from the PDF version of this book. This has a specific DOI and has a fixed structure with page numbers. Guidance on citing from other ebook versions without stable page numbers (Kindle, EPUB etc.) is now usually offered within style guidance (e.g. by the MLA style guide, The Chicago Manual of Style etc.) so please check the information offered on this by the referencing style you use.
Further information on the order process20200In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. She explains how the emotional sensitivities of our earliest ancestors drove them to care for vulnerable members of their group, and how new connections based on generosity, trust and inclusion made early groups of humans resilient to ecological changes. These deep-seated emotional capacities then provided the basis to allow later human ancestors to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies. At each stage emotional capacities to collaborate in new ways also brought with them increasing sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today. Our close relationships to animals, and even to cherished possessions, as well as our need for a sense of belonging can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort.
This new narrative moves away from one in which our evolutionary journey is a simple progress to some better form, and instead demonstrates different evolutionary pathways and key transitions which bring us nearer to, rather than away from, other animals. Our close cousins, the Neanderthals, are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, and who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today.30400Introduction
The Evolutionary Basis for Human Empathy, Compassion and Generosity
Material Evidence: caring for adult vulnerabilities
Trust, Emotional Commitments and Reputation
The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance – Physiological Responses
The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance: human ‘self-domestication’?
Comforting Things: cherished possessions as sources of social comfort and security, from the Palaeolithic to the present
In the Company of Wolves: compensatory attachments and the human-dog bond
What If? The Evolutionary Basis for Different Pathways
Reframing Neanderthals
Conclusions43000Please note: you can download the full ebook using the above buttons, or download individual chapters using the dropdown menu below.Read online or download: free Purchase price for print volume (including shipping and handling fees): £29.15
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In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry.
Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Prof Spikins also discussed her research at an event to mark the publication of Hidden Depths.
Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today.
This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.
Readers may prefer to download and cite from the PDF version of this book. This has a specific DOI and has a fixed structure with page numbers. Guidance on citing from other ebook versions without stable page numbers (Kindle, EPUB etc.) is now usually offered within style guidance (e.g. by the MLA style guide, The Chicago Manual of Style etc.) so please check the information offered on this by the referencing style you use.
Further information on the order process52000Open Access01000302https://storage.googleapis.com/rua-wr/files/media/cover_images/2b80041f-2cd1-4c81-96ea-6938059e9b55.png1030610.22599/HiddenDepths.aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Introduction1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedEvolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology12Compassion12Human origins12Decolonisation12Palaeolithic archaeology12Prehistory12Evolution of the mind12000Open Access2030610.22599/HiddenDepths.bCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101The Evolutionary Basis for Human Empathy, Compassion and Generosity1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition12Adaptation12Compassion12Human Origins12Compassion12Evolution of altruism12Social brain12Evolution of emotions12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Tolerance12Convergent evolution12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Ape social systems12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12000Open Access3030610.22599/HiddenDepths.cCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Material Evidence: caring for adult vulnerabilities1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedPalaeopathology23User DefinedMedicine12Prehistory12Adaptation12Compassion12Neanderthals12Human Origins12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Emotional connection12Middle Palaeolithic12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Origins of healthcare12Palaeopathology12Origins of Medicine12Early Prehistory12Lower Palaeolithic12Upper Palaeolithic12Humans12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Illness12Injury12Skeletal abnormality12Cultural evolution12000Open Access4030610.22599/HiddenDepths.dCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Trust, Emotional Commitments and Reputation1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedMaterial culture12Adaptation12Human Origins12Compassion12Neanderthals12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Palaeolithic art12Wolf domestication12Middle Palaeolithic12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Evolution12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Helping behaviours12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Early Prehistory12Lower Palaeolithic12Humans12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Cultural evolution12Trust12Cognitive Evolution12Autism12Emotional connection12Acheulian12Genus Homo12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Cultural transmission12Material Culture12Ice age art12Rock art12Evolution of neurodiversity12Palaeolithic stone tools12Neurodiversity12Biface12Handaxe12Autism Spectrum Condition12Cognitive Archaeology12000Open Access5030610.22599/HiddenDepths.eCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance – Physiological Responses1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedEcology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedPrimatology12Adaptation12Human Origins12Empathy12Social brain12Emotional connection12Human self-domestication12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Origin of modern humans12Convergent evolution12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Tolerance12Human Communities12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Social sustainability12Humans12Physiological responses12Compensatory attachment12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12000Open Access6030610.22599/HiddenDepths.fCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101The Evolutionary Basis for Human Tolerance: human ‘self-domestication’?1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedHealth Sciences12Adaptation12Human Origins12Decolonisation12Empathy12Social brain12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Evolutionary Anthropology12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Wolf domestication12Human self-domestication12Origin of modern humans12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Humans12Hominins12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Material Culture12Physiological responses12Compensatory attachment12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Evolved emotional responses12Emotional wellbeing12Attachment object12Dog domestication12Human-animal relationships12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12000Open Access7030610.22599/HiddenDepths.gCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Comforting Things: cherished possessions as sources of social comfort and security, from the Palaeolithic to the present1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedMaterial culture23User DefinedHealth Sciences12Prehistory12Adaptation12Human Origins12Compassion12Decolonisation12Evolution of the mind12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Trust12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Hunter-gatherers12Human self-domestication12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Palaeolithic art12Loneliness12Cherished possessions12Social safeness12Origin of modern humans12Community resilience12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social cognition12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Early Prehistory12Upper Palaeolithic12Humans12Moral emotions12Interdependence12Cultural evolution12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Material Culture12Ice age art12Rock art12Cognitive Archaeology12Physiological responses12Approachability12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Palaeolithic art12Attachment theory12Loneliness12Compensatory attachment12Cherished possessions12Mobiliary art12Avoidance behaviour Approach behaviour12Symbolism12Symbolic objects12Comfort12000Open Access8030610.22599/HiddenDepths.hCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101In the Company of Wolves: compensatory attachments and the human-dog bond1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedHealth Sciences23User DefinedAnimal behaviour23User DefinedVeterinary Sciences12Adaptation12Archaeology12Compassion12Empathy12Care-giving12Social brain12Trust12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Hunter-gatherers12Human self-domestication12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Palaeolithic art12Loneliness12Origin of modern humans12Convergent evolution12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Generosity12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Developmental psychology12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Human Cognition12Theory of mind12Cognitive empathy12Affective empathy12Wolves12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Early Prehistory12Upper Palaeolithic12Humans12Evolution of Altruism12Moral emotions12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Cultural evolution12Attachment12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Material Culture12Physiological responses12Compensatory attachment12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Attachment object12Dog domestication12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Comfort12Wolf domestication12Dogs12Social safeness12Human-animal bonds12Pet keeping12Dog burial12000Open Access9030610.22599/HiddenDepths.iCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101What If? The Evolutionary Basis for Different Pathways1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedEvolutionary Biology23User DefinedSociology12Adaptation12Human Origins12Empathy12Social brain12Trust12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Loneliness12Cherished possessions12Human self-domestication12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human ancestors12Human Evolution12Primate social systems12Primate behavioural ecology12Social carnivores12Evolution12Comparative behaviour12Emotional brain12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Social mammals12Social cognition12Evolutionary Psychology12Vulnerability12Behavioural ecology12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Humans12Evolution of Altruism12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Social tolerance12Biopsychosocial approach12Emotional commitment12Physiological responses12Androgens12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Hypersociability12Attachment fluidity12Evolutionary pathways12Origin of modern humans12Chimpanzee12Convergent evolution12Community resilience12Bonobos12000Open Access10030610.22599/HiddenDepths.jCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Reframing Neanderthals1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedAnthropology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedMaterial culture12Adaptation12Human Origins12Neanderthals12Decolonisation12Social brain12Palaeolithic Archaeology12Emotional connection12Tolerance12Intergroup collaboration12Human self-domestication12Bonding hormones12Stress reactivity12Loneliness12Social safeness12Origin of modern humans12Convergent evolution12Community resilience12Neanderthal12Neanderthal art12Social networks12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary Biology12Collaboration12Human Evolution12Evolution12Social emotions12Emotional brain12Human social collaboration12Human Emotion12Selective pressure12Ecological niche12Emotional sensitivity12Interdependence12Social tolerance12Physiological responses12Compensatory attachment12Avoidance behaviour12Approach behaviour12Approachability12Hypersociability12Symbolism12Comfort12Middle Palaeolithic12Neanderthal art12Social networks12Mobility12Neanderthal portrayal12Raw material movements12Lithic transfers12Group size12Human demography12000Open Access11030610.22599/HiddenDepths.kCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Chapter0101Conclusions1A01210000-0002-9174-5168Penny SpikinsPennySpikins40https://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Archaeology, University of YorkPenny was first fascinated by human origins after visiting Upper Palaeolithic cave art sites when she was eleven. Her first degree was in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Archaeology at Cambridge, followed by a Masters at Leeds, returning afterwards to Cambridge for her PhD. She spent two years carrying out postdoctoral research in Patagonia, and further postdoctoral research as a Sir James Knott research fellow at Newcastle before taking up her first lectureship there. Penny moved to the Department of Archaeology at the University of York in 2004, taking up a lectureship there, becoming a Senior Lecturer in 2012 and Professor of the Archaeology of Human Origins in 2020.
Penny is best known for her research into the evolution of social emotions and in particular the significance of care for the vulnerable in human origins. She focuses on how archaeological evidence can contribute to our understanding of the biological and evolutionary basis for altruism, compassion, tolerance and emotional sensitivity, as well as to the distant past of neurodiversity and inclusion. Her particular interests include social relationships in Neanderthals, the origins of autism, the origins of healthcare and medicine, human attachments to animals and objects and how the evolutionary past can help us to understand modern emotional wellbeing.
Penny has dyslexia, which she feels helps her to see patterns in multi-dimensional evidence.01eng23User DefinedArchaeology23User DefinedBiology23User DefinedPsychology23User DefinedHuman Evolution23User DefinedCognition23User DefinedAnthropology12Compassion12Human Origins12Evolution of the mind12Social connection12Emotional vulnerability12Evolutionary narrative12000Open Access01URLhttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.ukWhite Rose University Press01White Rose University Press01Publisher’s corporate websitehttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk02Publisher’s website for a specified workhttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk/books/m/10.22599/HiddenDepthsYork040120220823The Author(s)02WORLD061597819124823200615978191248233706159781912482344WORLD11Unknown36Supplier’s website for a specified workhttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk29Supplier’s website: download the titlehttps://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk/books/11/files/26b9d30a-0e5f-490e-9b96-e9fde24c8388.mobi20082022082301